Is there any advantage of keeping the Bicarbonate Ion in the blood plasma than keeping the Chloride Ion in the blood plasma? They're both negatively charged anyway, so why trade places prior to transport?

Was there a part 2 to this lecture? It ended kinda abruptly.

Is the Blood Type O the one with two lower case ii?

In the top-right reaction (glutamate transforming into Alpha-ketoglutarate), where did the Oxygen come from?

Hi AK! First off, I'd like to thank you for these videos! They're the best Biochemistry resource I found! Out of curiosity, will you be adding "text summary" in this Amino Acid Metabolism series?

Yeah, I agree with you. I looked at the previous lectures, and it happened only once -- right after the Fatty Acid enters the cytoplasm. Am wondering why he said 2 ATP molecules.

They're BOTH CORRECT! AK in this video is showing that to reduce a full O2 molecule, you will need 4 electrons total and would pump out 4 H+ ions. In your book/slides, your book follows the story of the 2 electrons in NADH that started in Complex 1 (or 2 electrons in FADH2 that started in Complex II). Those 2 electrons can only reduce half an O2 molecule only when it reaches Complex IV; hence, pumping 2 H+ ions in Complex IV.

In your net equation, there should be 3H+ in the products. You can see this in step 3, step 4, and step 8 of your diagram. I also verified this info online and wikipedia.

I'm a little confused on how to read the lower-left diagram. Are we using 2 oxaloacetate molecules for 1 single subunit (citrate synthase)? Does this mean we use 4 total oxaloacetate because the citrate synthase is a dimer?

@9:09, When were exercising vigorously and we have an increase in Lactic Acid formation (and thereby an increase in acidity), our Glycolysis shut down to protect muscle damage. Is this the reason why we experience fatigue because we can no longer form ATP?

You said that the total input (bottom right of your white board) is "Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ + 2Pi". Shouldn't this be 4 ADP total because there's 2 ADP in step 7 and another 2 in step 10? Also, shouldn't this include 2 ATP from Steps 1 & 3? Thus: "Glucose + 2ATP + 4ADP + 2NAD+ + 2Pi"

Hi! How are step 8 and step 7 reactions able to proceed when they are endergonic?